Penetration Testing
Authorized simulated attacks to identify and fix security vulnerabilities
Penetration testing (also known as pen testing or ethical hacking) is the practice of testing a computer system, network, or application to find security vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit. Penetration tests are authorized simulated attacks performed by security professionals to evaluate the security of a target system.
Benefits of Penetration Testing
- • Identifies vulnerabilities before attackers
- • Tests existing security controls
- • Provides evidence for security investments
- • Helps meet compliance requirements
- • Improves incident response capabilities
Types of Penetration Tests
- • Black Box (no prior knowledge)
- • White Box (complete information)
- • Gray Box (limited information)
- • External (from outside the network)
- • Internal (from inside the network)
The Penetration Testing Methodology
A structured approach to penetration testing ensures thorough coverage and consistent results. The standard methodology includes these phases:
1. Planning & Reconnaissance
Define scope, gather intelligence, identify target systems and potential entry points
2. Scanning
Identify live hosts, open ports, services, and potential vulnerabilities
3. Vulnerability Assessment
Analyze scan results, identify vulnerabilities, and prioritize targets
4. Exploitation
Attempt to exploit identified vulnerabilities to gain access to systems
5. Post-Exploitation
Maintain access, escalate privileges, pivot to other systems, and assess potential damage
6. Reporting
Document findings, vulnerabilities, exploitation methods, and remediation recommendations
Authorization
Always obtain explicit written permission before testing
Scope Adherence
Stay within the defined boundaries of the test
Data Protection
Handle sensitive data appropriately and securely
Responsible Disclosure
Report vulnerabilities directly to the organization
Do No Harm
Avoid actions that could damage systems or data
Certified Penetration Tester
Advanced level certification
Certified Ethical Hacker
Industry-recognized certification
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